“Law enforcement” encompasses the following basic responsibilities: • maintenance of public order and security; • prevention and detection of crime; and • aid and assistance in emergencies of all kinds.
CASES
Australia/Afghanistan, Inquiry into the Conduct of Australian Defence Forces
United States, Use of medical helicopter to target protesters
ICRC, International Humanitarian Law and the challenges of contemporary armed conflicts in 2015 [paras 166, 168, 180, 182]
Israel/Palestine, Accountability for the Use of Lethal Force
Africa, The AfCHPR on the interplay between human rights and IHL
ECHR, Jaloud v. The Netherlands
“Great March of Return” Demonstrations and Israel’s Military Response
Bibliographic resources
FLECK Dieter, “Law Enforcement and the Conduct of Hostilities: Two Supplementing or Mutually Excluding Legal Paradigms?”, in Frieden in Freiheit = Peace in Liberty = Paix en liberté: Festschrift für Michael Bothe zum 70 Geburtstag, Baden-Baden, Nomos; Zürich, Dike, 2008, pp. 391-407
LIETZAU William, “Combating Terrorism: The Consequences of Moving from Law Enforcement to War”, in WIPPMAN David & EVANGELISTA Matthew (eds), New Wars, NewLaws? Applying the Laws of War in 21st Century Conflicts, New York, Transnational Publishers, 2005, pp. 31-51.