See also Judicial guarantees [1]; Necessity [2]; Self-defence [3]; Superior Orders [4]
Canada, Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act [Sections 11-14] [12]
ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Kupreskic et al. [13] (paras 511-520 [14])
Suggested readings:
ESER Albin, “Defences in War Crimes”, in IYHR, Vol. 24, 1994, pp. 201-234.
GALAND Renaud & DELOOZ François, “L’article 31, par. 1 c) du Statut de la Cour pénale internationale : une remise en cause des acquis du droit international humanitaire ?”, in IRRC, No. 842, June 2001, pp. 533-538.
KNOOPS Geert-Jan, Defenses in Contemporary International Law, Ardsley NY, Transnational Publishers, 2001, 287 pp.
ROWE Peter, “Duress as a Defence to War Crimes after Erdemovic: A Laboratory for a Permanent Court?”, in YIHL, Vol. 1, 1998, pp. 210-228.
SHAHABUDDEEN Mohamed, “Duress in International Humanitarian Law”, in ARMAS BAREA Calixto A. (ed.), Liber amicorum ‘in memoriam’ of Judge José Mariá Ruda, The Hague, Kluwer Law International, 2000, pp. 563-574.
“Atelier sur l’article 31, par. 1 c) du Statut de la Cour pénale internationale, coordonné par Éric DAVID”, in RBDI, 2000-2, pp. 355-488.
Links
[1] https://casebook.icrc.org/glossary/judicial-guarantees
[2] https://casebook.icrc.org/glossary/necessity-defence
[3] https://casebook.icrc.org/glossary/self-defence
[4] https://casebook.icrc.org/glossary/superior-orders
[5] https://casebook.icrc.org/law/criminal-repression#chapter4
[6] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=C8A733B8DA660AFCC12563CD0051B298
[7] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=5CF3FFAD4325DDB6C12563CD0051B359
[8] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=3C891729F943ABE6C12563CD0051BF9D
[9] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=55F0405F88FE15A1C12563CD0051C44C
[10] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=AC4D35D7ED42E43DC12563CD0051C494
[11] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=086F4BB140C53655C12563CD0051E027
[12] https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/canada-crimes-against-humanity-and-war-crimes-act#sect_11
[13] https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/icty-prosecutor-v-kupreskic-et-al
[14] https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/icty-prosecutor-v-kupreskic-et-al#para_511
[15] https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/swedensyria-can-armed-groups-issue-judgments