1. Compulsory jurisdiction over and criminalization of war crimes
2. War crimes in national penal law
See
- Case No. 63, Switzerland, Military Penal Code;
- Case No. 64, Germany, International Criminal Code;
- Case No. 65, Canada, Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act;
- Case No. 67, Ghana, National Legislation Concerning the Emblem;
- Case No. 68, Belgium, Law on Universal Jurisdiction;
- Case No. 70, United States, War Crimes Act;
- Case No. 241, Switzerland, The Niyonteze Case
3. Elements of crime
See
- Subjective elements – mens rea
See
- Intent and negligence in indiscriminate attacks
- Recklessness
See
- Mistake of law in violations of IHL
- Motives
See
- Objective elements – actus reus
- Causing death or serious injury as a necessary result of battlefield crimes
- War crimes arising from failure to act
See
4. Non-responsibility or mitigated responsibility
- Objective causes
- The defence of superior orders against war crimes prosecution
See
- Case No. 23, The International Criminal Court [Part A., Art. 33];
- Document No. 96, United States Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, United States v. Wilhelm List;
- Case No. 115, Belgium, Public Prosecutor v. G.W.;
- Case No. 117, United States, United States v. William L. Calley, Jr.;
- Case No. 198, Belgium, Belgian Soldiers in Somalia;
- Case No. 199, Canada, R. v. Brocklebank;
- Case No. 243, Colombia, Constitutional Conformity of Protocol II [Paras 36-40]
- Can the defences of coercion (duress), necessity and self-defence be invoked against war crimes prosecution?
See
- Defence of lawful acts of hostility in wartime
See
- Subjective causes
- The accused was a minor at the time of the crime
- Mental disorders
- Duress
See
- Prohibition of criminal liability for escapes by prisoners of war and civilian internees
5. Inchoate and group criminality
- Vicarious liability
- Liability for conspiracy to commit war crimes
See
- Case No. 23, The International Criminal Court [Part A., Art. 25];
- Case No. 155, Canada, Ramirez v. Canada;
- Case No. 195, Canada, Sivakumar v. Canada;
- Case No. 199, Canada, R. v. Brocklebank;
- Case No. 200, Canada, R. v. Boland;
- Case No. 201, Canada, R. v. Seward;
- Case No. 164, Sudan, Report of the UN Commission of Enquiry on Darfur [Part A., paras 532-562];
- Case No. 218, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Galic [Part A., paras 168-169]
- The responsibility of commanders for war crimes committed by subordinates if they “knew or should have known”
See
- Case No. 23, The International Criminal Court [Part A, Art. 28];
- Document No. 96, United States Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, United States v. Wilhelm List [Para. 3(x)];
- Document No. 98, The Tokyo War Crimes Trial;
- Case No. 102, United States, In re Yamashita;
- Case No. 195, Canada, Sivakumar v. Canada;
- Case No. 201, Canada, R. v. Seward;
- Case No. 241, Switzerland, The Niyonteze Case;
- Case No. 218, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Galic [Part A., paras 561-562];
- Case No. 219, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Strugar, [Part B., para 367 and 415-418; Part C., paras 297-308]
- Responsibility for the aid or assistance given to the main perpetrator of the violation
- Responsibility for incitement to commit a crime or ordering the commission of a crime
See
- Agreement to commit a crime
- Common criminal purpose
See
6. Specific crimes
See
See
- Case No. 164, Sudan, Report of the UN Commission of Enquiry on Darfur [paras 640-642];
- Case No. 228, Case Study, Armed Conflicts in the Great Lakes Region [Para. 1.A.1)];
- Case No. 234, ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu [Part A., paras 492-523];
- Case No. 241, Switzerland, The Niyonteze Case [Part B., III.B.]
See
- Case No. 108, Hungary, War Crimes Resolution;
- Case No. 211, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Tadic;
- Case No. 215, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Kupreskic et al. [Paras 567-636];
- Case No. 216, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Blaskic [Part A., paras 66-71];
- Case No. 217, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Kunarac, Kovac and Vukovic [Paras 116-131]
- War crimes in non-international armed conflicts
See
- Case No. 23, The International Criminal Court [Part A., Art. 8(2)(c)-(f)];
- Case No. 108, Hungary, War Crimes Resolution;
- Case No. 211, ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Tadic [Part A., paras 128-136];
- Case No. 241, Switzerland, The Niyonteze Case [Part A., and Part B., III.1.B.];
- Case No. 164, Sudan, Report of the UN Commission of Enquiry on Darfur [Part A., paras 161-163]
See
- Other violations of IHL applicable to international armed conflicts
See
- Misuse of the red cross or red crescent emblem in peacetime
See
7. Multiple convictions for the same conduct
See
8. Punishment
- Provisions of IHL on the treatment of detainees
- IHL limitations on the death penalty
- Escape is not an aggravating circumstance for prisoners of war and civil internees
- Certain crimes in occupied territory are punishable only by simple imprisonment or internment
- Determining the sentence
See
